Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome Home Care Case Study in Mohali
Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome: A Home Care Case Study in Mohali
Mr. Tavish Puri is a 28-year-old freelance graphic designer from Mohali, Punjab. After a specialist hospital assessment for recurring fatigue and light-headedness, he returned home with a diagnosis of Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome (ATS), a rare inherited connective tissue disorder. This case study explains how a structured 12-week home care plan helped him and his family manage daily life safely while his vascular specialists continued long-term follow-up.
Section 1
Patient Background
Tavish lives in Mohali with his mother, who is his primary caregiver. His elder sister helps with appointments and family decisions. He works as a freelance graphic designer. The work gives him control over his schedule, but long desk sessions and household tasks still take energy.
Before the diagnosis, he noticed recurring tiredness during routine activities. There were occasional episodes of light-headedness. Prolonged physical activity became difficult to tolerate. These symptoms led his family to seek specialist evaluation.
The evaluation led to a diagnosis of Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome (ATS). ATS is rare, so the family had many questions. They understood the diagnosis itself, but two practical worries remained. First, how could Tavish stay active without crossing safe limits? Second, how could the family recognise a real warning sign quickly if one appeared?
Baseline function before home care
- Alert and able to communicate his needs clearly.
- Walked independently indoors.
- Managed most personal care, but needed extra time.
- Found tasks that required prolonged standing, such as cooking, difficult.
- Needed reminders to keep his medication routine organised.
- Needed help coordinating specialist visits and transport.
The family asked for a plan that balanced independence with sensible precautions. They did not want blanket restrictions on a 28-year-old’s life. At the same time, they wanted clear rules about activities that could put strain on his circulation.
Section 2
Understanding Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome (Clinical Diagnosis)
Connective tissue is the body’s supporting framework. It gives strength and shape to skin, joints, and blood vessels. In ATS, changes in this tissue make arteries longer and more twisted than usual. Doctors call this twisting tortuosity.
Why does that matter? Twisted and elongated arteries can narrow the channel blood flows through. Some people also develop aneurysms, which are bulges in a weakened vessel wall. Narrowing and bulging both put stress on the circulation. Both need specialist monitoring over time.
ATS is a genetic condition. In many families it is linked to variants in the SLC2A10 gene. Genetic testing and genetic counselling help families understand inheritance and plan follow-up. Not every person with ATS has the same findings. Some have mainly vascular changes. Others also have joint hypermobility, skin laxity, or musculoskeletal discomfort. That is why every plan must be individual.
What the specialist assessment included
| Assessment element | Purpose | How it was used |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical examination | Review of symptoms, mobility, fatigue and relevant physical findings | Part of every specialist review |
| Cardiovascular evaluation | Assessment by the treating cardiology team | Guided the overall care and surveillance plan |
| Echocardiography | Ultrasound of heart structures and function | Used when clinically indicated |
| CT or MR angiography | Detailed imaging of arterial anatomy | Specialist directed, where appropriate |
| Genetic testing | Evaluation for disease-associated variants, including SLC2A10 | When indicated by the specialist |
| Blood pressure assessment | Monitoring of circulation | Performed only as the treating clinician instructed |
Simple definitions
- Tortuosity: unusual twisting and lengthening of arteries.
- Stenosis: narrowing of a blood vessel.
- Aneurysm: a bulge where a vessel wall has weakened.
- Echocardiography: an ultrasound scan of the heart.
- Angiography: imaging that shows the shape of arteries.
- Surveillance: planned, repeated checks to watch for change.
Arteries in ATS can change over time. A scan that looked stable last year does not guarantee this year’s result. That is why the treating team schedules repeat imaging and reviews at intervals they choose, based on the individual’s anatomy and history. Home care supports attendance and record keeping. It never decides the schedule.
Section 3
Hospital Assessment and Discharge
Tavish’s symptoms started with tiredness, light-headedness, and poor tolerance of activity. His family took him to a specialist hospital for cardiovascular assessment.
The hospital team reviewed his history and completed the investigations appropriate for his condition. No surgery or interventional procedure is recorded in this fictional case. The team discussed lifelong vascular surveillance in detail. They explained that ATS changes over time, so imaging and review appointments must continue even when a patient feels well.
The specialists judged his condition suitable for home-based supportive care. He was discharged with written instructions covering three things: attend scheduled follow-up, respect the activity precautions, and seek urgent care for defined warning symptoms.
One instruction mattered most. Home care supports daily life. It cannot replace specialist appointments or emergency services. The family received this message before discharge, and the home care team repeated it on day one.
Families who are planning this step can read more about step-by-step discharge planning from hospital to home. The principles apply to any age, including young adults with rare conditions.
Section 4
Why Home Healthcare Was Needed
Four practical problems shaped the care plan.
1. Fatigue limited everyday activity
Tavish needed more time for household tasks and avoided tasks that required prolonged standing. Without support, he would either push through and exhaust himself, or stop moving altogether. Prolonged inactivity brings its own problems, including loss of fitness and low mood. The plan needed pacing: shorter tasks, planned rests, and help at the right moments.
2. The family could not tell fatigue from danger
His mother’s main fear was missing a genuine warning sign. The plan needed clear education and a written escalation path. It had to separate rest and report from call for help now. Family education became a core service, not an extra.
3. Appointments and records needed organising
ATS care depends on specialist review, imaging schedules, and reports spread across departments. A missed appointment is a safety issue, not a small delay. The family needed one calendar, one folder, and one process.
4. Safety at home
A home layout review found hazards to fix and simple changes to make, so that movement stayed safe without making the house feel like a hospital ward.
Families in the Tricity region often begin with complete home healthcare planning after a hospital discharge in Mohali. It is also worth understanding why hospitals increasingly refer patients for structured post-discharge support, because a planned first week prevents many avoidable problems.
Because inactivity has costs. Muscles weaken, confidence drops, and daily tasks feel harder. The specialists’ precautions target specific risks: heavy lifting, forceful straining, contact sports, and forceful manipulation or deep massage over areas where vascular abnormalities may exist. They do not ban ordinary life. Home care’s job is to hold that line: enough support for safety, enough freedom for independence.
Section 5
Clinical Assessment at Home
The first home visit focused on daily functioning and the practical implementation of the specialist’s recommendations. The nurse reviewed:
- The current discharge instructions and follow-up schedule.
- Tavish’s usual activity tolerance and reported fatigue.
- The layout of the home and potential fall hazards.
- His ability to manage bathing, dressing, meals, and movement around the home.
- The family’s understanding of urgent warning symptoms.
- Arrangements for contacting the treating team and emergency services.
Home care staff did not attempt to diagnose vascular complications or interpret specialist imaging results. Any new or worsening symptom was referred for appropriate medical assessment.
Functional assessment at the start of care
| Functional area | Initial observation | Support required |
|---|---|---|
| Mobility | Walked independently indoors but reported fatigue | Activity pacing and supervision when needed |
| Personal hygiene | Managed most tasks with extra time | Assistance with selected tasks |
| Dressing | Mostly independent | Occasional help when fatigued |
| Meal preparation | Difficulty with prolonged standing | Prepared meals and seated task options |
| Household activities | Reduced tolerance for extended tasks | Family assistance and task sharing |
| Medication routine | Needed reminders to maintain organisation | Medication schedule support as prescribed |
| Appointments | Required help coordinating visits | Family-assisted scheduling and transport |
| Symptom awareness | Family uncertain about warning signs | Education and a written escalation plan |
- Follow the specialist’s recommendations for cardiovascular and vascular surveillance.
- Avoid heavy lifting, forceful straining, contact sports, or strenuous exercise unless the treating clinician has specifically cleared them.
- Avoid forceful manipulation or deep massage over areas where vascular abnormalities may be present.
- Observe for new symptoms without assuming they are caused by ordinary fatigue.
- Keep investigation reports, medication instructions, and emergency contacts organised.
- Perform blood pressure observations only as instructed, and only within the home care team’s role.
Section 6
The Home Care Plan by AtHomeCare
The plan combined four services with family participation. Each service had clear boundaries, and each one fed information back to the family and, when needed, to the treating clinicians. Families often want to see how nurses, attendants and doctor visits share responsibility in a Mohali home, because role clarity prevents gaps.
A. Home nursing support
Nursing visits were arranged according to assessed need and the discharge plan. Responsibilities included reviewing prescribed instructions, assisting with permitted observations, documenting reported symptoms, and communicating concerns to the family and the treating clinician. The nurse also kept the escalation plan current and checked that emergency numbers were posted where everyone could see them. Home nursing did not replace specialist vascular surveillance or emergency services.
Families considering this level of support can read about professional home nursing support and the home nursing services available in Mohali.
B. Patient attendant support
A trained attendant assisted with selected daily activities, meal setup, safe movement around the home, and household routines when Tavish felt fatigued. The attendant encouraged independence and deliberately avoided unnecessary lifting or physical handling. This matters in ATS: untrained helpers often try to “do everything”, which erodes a young patient’s confidence and can involve uncontrolled physical strain.
You can compare options through patient attendant services in Mohali, trained patient care attendants (GDA), and broader patient care services at home.
C. Physiotherapy and mobility support
Any physiotherapy or mobility programme was to be approved by the treating specialist first, and delivered by a qualified professional who understood Tavish’s vascular risks. The plan excluded unsupervised strenuous exercise, heavy resistance training, and forceful joint manipulation. Activities were adjusted to the specialist’s recommendations and stopped if concerning symptoms developed.
Activity tolerance is a live issue in many cardiac and connective tissue conditions. Readers may find how activity tolerance is planned in heart muscle conditions a useful reference point, along with physiotherapy at home in Mohali and general physiotherapy at home services.
D. Specialist follow-up
The family maintained follow-up arrangements with the relevant cardiology and vascular specialists. The home team’s role was coordination: keeping the calendar current, preparing a written list of questions before each visit, and filing reports afterwards. Where a treating team approves interim reviews at home, doctor home visit services can support that coordination. Additional clinical services were included only when the treating team recommended them.
For patients who need closer monitoring after a complication, and where specialists direct it, AtHomeCare also supports ICU-level care at home. This was not required in Tavish’s case, but families should know the option exists under medical supervision.
E. Home environment adjustments
Simple changes were recommended and implemented with the family:
- Keeping walking routes clear of cables, mats and clutter.
- Improving lighting in frequently used areas, especially at night.
- Placing everyday items within easy reach to reduce stretching and standing time.
- Using a stable chair for tasks that would otherwise require prolonged standing.
- Keeping emergency contact details visible and readily available.
Practical guides on fall prevention at home and safe, comfortable home modifications cover the same principles for every age group. If simple aids were ever needed, such as a shower chair or a firm back-support chair, medical equipment on rent makes short-term use affordable.
- Did not diagnose vascular complications or interpret imaging results.
- Did not start, stop, or change any medication without medical approval.
- Did not begin any exercise programme without the treating specialist’s approval.
- Did not perform deep tissue or forceful massage over vascular areas.
- Did not replace emergency services under any circumstances.
Section 7
Daily Care Routine
The daily plan gave the family structure without removing Tavish’s control over his own day. Each block had a purpose.
Morning
- Review the day’s appointments and prescribed routine.
- Support personal hygiene and breakfast preparation.
- Record any relevant observations only if instructed.
- Check whether Tavish has developed any new or unusual symptoms.
Afternoon
- Encourage comfortable daily activities within approved limits.
- Provide assistance with meals and household tasks.
- Schedule rest breaks according to fatigue.
- Avoid activities involving unapproved strenuous effort.
Evening
- Review any symptoms reported during the day.
- Prepare documents or questions for upcoming specialist appointments.
- Organise prescribed medicines according to the existing instructions.
- Ensure the home environment remains clear and safe.
Night
- Keep emergency contact information accessible.
- Follow any specific overnight monitoring instructions from the treating team.
- Seek urgent help immediately if severe or sudden warning symptoms occur, rather than waiting until morning.
Medication routines are a common weak point after any discharge. Structured approaches to medication monitoring and management reduced reminders becoming nagging, and kept the schedule faithful to the prescription. Night time deserves special attention in any vascular condition. Research on why families delay hospital visits until morning shows how dangerous that habit can be, and the plan directly addressed it.
Section 8
Warning Signs and the Escalation Plan
The care team and family were educated to take the following symptoms seriously:
- Sudden or severe chest, back, abdominal, or other unexplained pain.
- Severe, sudden headache.
- Fainting or collapse.
- Sudden weakness, facial drooping, speech difficulty, or other new neurological symptoms.
- New or severe breathing difficulty.
- Any other sudden, severe, or rapidly worsening symptom.
These signs may indicate a medical emergency. Call emergency services (112 in India) or go to the nearest emergency department at once. Do not wait for a routine home care visit, and do not assume the symptoms are caused by ordinary fatigue. You can also review general guidance on when to call for emergency help at home.
The six-step escalation plan (posted at home)
- Recognise. Match the symptom against the red-flag list.
- Call. Dial emergency services immediately. Do not drive yourself, and do not wait.
- Inform. Tell the treating hospital, if the family can do so safely alongside step two.
- Bring. Hand over the report folder: discharge summary, medication instructions, and recent specialist notes.
- Accompany. A family member travels with the patient in the ambulance.
- Report back. After discharge, inform the care coordinator so the home plan is updated.
Why rehearse this? Because in a real emergency, families hesitate. They wonder whether it is “just fatigue”. A written plan, practised in advance, removes the guesswork. Guidance on emergency preparedness at home and on the small warning signs families in Mohali commonly miss reinforces the same habit: notice early, act early.
Teaching scenarios used with the family
Tavish says he feels more tired than usual and slightly light-headed when standing. Plan response: sit down and rest for ten minutes, drink water as permitted, and note the time and details. If it settles and stays mild, record it and mention it at the next nursing contact. If it worsens, or any red-flag symptom appears, the emergency steps apply. Never label a symptom “just fatigue” without following the plan.
While helping with a household task, the attendant notices sudden breathlessness that does not ease with rest. Red-flag rule applies: stop the activity, support Tavish to sit safely, and call emergency services immediately. No massage, no exertion, no waiting for the routine visit. Attendants rehearsed this during emergency response training so the first minute is calm and correct.
Section 9
Recovery Timeline: The 12-Week Support Period
This timeline describes the documented support process in this fictional case. It does not record any emergency event during the 12 weeks. Progress here means routine, organisation and confidence, not a change in the underlying condition.
Orientation and safety setup
The nurse reviewed the discharge instructions with the family, posted emergency numbers in the kitchen and hallway, and started a single report folder. Walking routes were cleared and lighting was checked. The escalation plan was explained in plain language and printed on one page.
Education and routine building
Two family education sessions covered the red-flag list and the difference between reportable tiredness and emergency symptoms. The medication routine was organised strictly per the prescription, with reminders only. A shared appointment calendar was created for specialist visits and recommended investigations.
Pacing in practice
Seated meal preparation became the default for longer dishes. Rest breaks were built into household tasks. The attendant shifted from doing tasks to setting tasks up and stepping back, protecting Tavish’s independence while keeping prolonged standing out of his day.
Specialist review attended
The family attended the scheduled specialist follow-up with the organised report folder and a written list of questions. Home care continued as planned, awaiting any updated instructions from the treating team. No change to the home plan was made independently.
Safety re-check and emergency drill
A second home safety walk-through confirmed the environment changes had held. The family completed a short escalation drill: who calls, what they say, which folder goes in the bag. Confidence at this stage comes from repetition, not from memorising.
Steady routine
The daily plan was running without prompting. The focus moved to keeping the calendar current for imaging and clinic visits, and to filing new reports the same week they arrived. Coordination, not new intervention, was the goal.
Education refresh and caregiver support
The teaching scenarios were repeated with the mother and sister. A short caregiver check-in looked at stress and workload, with practical ideas drawn from guidance on managing caregiver stress. Sustainable care needs sustainable caregivers.
Documented outcome
The period closed with the outcomes recorded below. The underlying condition was unchanged, as expected. Specialist follow-up continued as the permanent backbone of care.
Section 10
Clinical Documentation and Evidence
Good home care is documented care. The tables below show what was recorded in this fictional case, and, just as importantly, what was deliberately not recorded.
| Document type | Role in this case | Held by |
|---|---|---|
| Discharge instructions | Formed the foundation of the home plan | Family and treating specialists |
| Specialist follow-up schedule | Drove the shared calendar and transport planning | Family, supported by the care team |
| Investigation reports (echo, CT or MR angiography when performed) | Not interpreted by the home team; filed and carried to reviews | Treating specialists |
| Medication instructions, where prescribed | Followed as written; no changes made by home care | Treating clinicians |
| Daily observation notes | Symptoms reported and logged; shared with the family and, when needed, the clinician | AtHomeCare care team |
| Written escalation plan | One page, posted at home and rehearsed twice | Family and care team |
| Category | Status in this case | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Laboratory values | Not documented | No blood results form part of this fictional record |
| Imaging measurements | Not documented | Imaging reports remained with the treating specialists |
| Named medications | Not documented | Any prescriptions were managed entirely by the treating clinicians |
| Blood pressure readings | Only per clinician instruction | Observations were performed strictly within the home care role |
| Complications or emergencies | None recorded | No emergency events occurred in this fictional 12-week account |
This transparency is standard practice. A case study that fills gaps with invented numbers is worse than useless, because families and professionals may treat fiction as evidence.
Section 11
Home Care Goals and Results at 12 Weeks
| Goal | How it was worked on | Status at 12 weeks |
|---|---|---|
| Support safe participation in everyday activities | Activity pacing, seated task options, attendant help for long tasks | Met, within specialist limits |
| Improve organisation of appointments and investigations | Shared calendar, report folder, pre-visit question lists | Met |
| Help Tavish and his family understand activity precautions | Structured education sessions and written handouts | Met |
| Establish a clear process for reporting new symptoms | Two-zone plan (report vs emergency), rehearsed twice | Met |
| Reduce avoidable household hazards | Walkways cleared, lighting improved, items within reach, stable chair | Met and re-checked at week 6 |
| Maintain independence wherever medically appropriate | Attendant coached to set up tasks, not take them over | Ongoing by design |
| Keep home care coordinated with treating clinicians | Nursing notes shared; no independent clinical changes | Ongoing |
Section 12
Family Education
Tavish’s mother and sister received structured guidance on:
- The nature of ATS and why long-term specialist follow-up matters.
- The difference between routine fatigue and sudden or severe warning symptoms.
- Following the treating clinician’s activity recommendations.
- Avoiding unapproved strenuous activity and forceful physical manipulation.
- Keeping a current medication list and copies of medical reports.
- Contacting the treating team when symptoms or care needs changed.
- Seeking emergency help immediately when serious warning signs appeared.
The family was reminded, plainly, that home care staff cannot determine whether a new symptom represents an arterial complication. That judgement belongs to emergency clinicians and specialists. Families who want to understand the division of labour can read what professional caregivers do and do not do, and why relying on attendants alone carries medical risks when a condition needs specialist oversight.
Section 13
Clinical Outcome After 12 Weeks
After 12 weeks, Tavish and his family had established a more consistent daily routine and organised his specialist appointments and medical records more effectively.
He continued participating in suitable daily activities with planned rest periods and assistance when needed. His family reported greater confidence in following the written escalation plan and recognising when urgent assessment was necessary.
The care programme improved coordination and day-to-day support. It did not cure ATS, and it did not establish that his underlying vascular risks had decreased. Continued specialist follow-up remained essential, and it continues.
| Area | Outcome |
|---|---|
| Mobility | Active within approved limits, with pacing and planned rests |
| Daily routine | Consistent morning to night structure maintained without prompting |
| Records and appointments | One folder, one calendar, reports filed weekly |
| Family capability | Confident with the escalation plan; drills completed twice |
| Medical stability | No emergency events recorded; specialist surveillance continues |
| Remaining challenges | Fatigue remains part of daily life and is managed, not cured |
| Long-term care | Lifelong specialist-led follow-up; home care adjusts as clinicians advise |
Nothing here claims a vascular improvement, and that is the point. The realistic achievement of good home care in a condition like ATS is a safer, better organised, better supported life between specialist reviews. Structured support of this kind works as an extension of clinical care, not as a substitute for it.
Section 14
Key Clinical Learnings
- ATS is a surveillance condition. It is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder that can affect the structure of arteries. Management succeeds through long-term, specialist-led monitoring, not through short-term fixes.
- Specialists own the vascular questions. Cardiovascular and vascular surveillance, imaging intervals, and activity clearance must come from qualified specialists. Everyone else supports.
- Home care adds safety between reviews. It supports daily living, observation, and adherence to medical instructions. In this case that meant pacing, environment, education, and coordination.
- Activity advice must be individual. Strenuous exercise should not be prescribed or attempted without medical clearance. A 28-year-old who looks healthy may still carry significant vascular risk, and caution about how delayed monitoring causes recovery failures applies to rare conditions too.
- Red flags override everything. Sudden severe pain, fainting, neurological changes, or breathing difficulty require urgent assessment. A written, rehearsed escalation plan turns that rule into behaviour.
- Independence and safety are partners. Care plans should promote autonomy while respecting the individual’s specific medical risks. Over-restriction has its own costs, and a young adult’s future depends on getting this balance right.
Section 15
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome?
Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder associated with unusually twisted or elongated arteries. Some affected individuals may also develop narrowing or other vascular abnormalities. Features vary widely between people, so each case needs individual specialist assessment.
Can a person with ATS receive home healthcare?
Yes. Home healthcare may assist with daily activities, implementation of clinician-provided instructions, safe mobility, and care coordination. The service must complement, not replace, specialist medical care.
Does every person with ATS need the same activity restrictions?
No. Restrictions depend on the individual’s vascular findings, symptoms, and specialist advice. Heavy lifting, strenuous exercise, and contact sports should not be undertaken unless the treating clinician has specifically cleared them.
What symptoms require emergency attention?
Sudden severe chest or other unexplained pain, severe sudden headache, fainting, new neurological symptoms, and serious breathing difficulty require immediate emergency assessment. Call emergency services rather than waiting for a routine visit.
Can physiotherapy help a person with ATS?
A suitable programme may help address specific functional needs, but it must be individualised and approved by the treating specialist. General exercise routines should not be started without checking whether they are appropriate.
Does home care eliminate the need for vascular imaging and specialist visits?
No. Home care cannot replace recommended cardiovascular evaluations, vascular imaging, genetic counselling where appropriate, or other specialist follow-up. It supports attendance and organisation.
What causes Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome?
ATS is a genetic condition. In many families it is linked to variants in the SLC2A10 gene. A genetics specialist can explain inheritance patterns, whether relatives should be evaluated, and what genetic counselling involves.
Can Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome be cured?
There is no cure for ATS. Management relies on long-term specialist surveillance, imaging as recommended, sensible activity precautions, and prompt treatment of any complications that arise.
How is blood pressure monitored at home for a person with ATS?
Only as instructed by the treating clinician. Readings should follow the clinician’s schedule and technique, be recorded properly, and be shared at reviews. Home care staff do not set new thresholds or change instructions on their own.
What should a family do first if a warning symptom appears?
Treat sudden severe pain, fainting, new weakness or speech difficulty, severe headache, or serious breathing difficulty as an emergency. Call emergency services (112 in India) immediately rather than waiting for a routine home care visit or assuming the symptom is ordinary fatigue.
Section 16
Clinical Review and Authorship
Section 17
Supporting Clinical Documents
In real care, the following document types supported this plan. In this fictional case they are described generically, and no confidential patient information is reproduced.
| Document | How it was used |
|---|---|
| Discharge summary | Primary source for instructions, follow-up schedule and precautions |
| Specialist prescriptions, where issued | Followed exactly; no independent changes by home care |
| Echocardiography and angiography reports, when performed | Filed by the family and carried to specialist reviews; never interpreted by the home team |
| Genetic counselling notes, where applicable | Guided the family’s understanding of inheritance and follow-up |
| Home nursing progress notes | Recorded reported symptoms, education sessions and coordination actions |
| Written escalation plan | One page, posted at home, rehearsed with the family |
Contact AtHomeCare
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Email
care@athomecare.in
Medical Disclaimer
- Every patient is unique. Treatment decisions must always be made by qualified healthcare professionals.
- Emergency symptoms require immediate hospital care. Call emergency services without delay.
- Home healthcare complements, but does not replace, specialist care or emergency medical services.
- This case study is fictional and intended for educational and informational purposes only. It does not describe an actual patient or establish a standard treatment protocol.
- Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome requires individualised assessment and follow-up by qualified healthcare professionals. Home care arrangements, activity precautions, investigations, and emergency plans must be based on the patient’s clinical condition and the treating specialist’s recommendations.